【摘要】 目的 探討高原地區(qū)橈神經(jīng)損傷的治療效果,并總結(jié)影響療效的因素?!》椒ā』仡櫺苑治?005年6月-2010年6月收治的橈神經(jīng)損傷并有完整隨訪資料的54例患者,其中男40例,女14例;年齡8~69歲,平均32.6歲。開放性損傷5例,閉合性損傷49例;左側(cè)26例,右側(cè)28例。受傷原因:刀傷5例,醫(yī)源性損傷(手術(shù)牽拉傷、被鋼板擠壓傷)10例,肱骨干骨折合并橈神經(jīng)損傷39例。神經(jīng)損傷類型:橈神經(jīng)完全斷裂12例;大部分?jǐn)嗔?5例;挫傷27例,挫傷長(zhǎng)度1.5~4.5 cm。所有患者均有典型的感覺及運(yùn)動(dòng)功能障。采用神經(jīng)吻合修復(fù)27 例,神經(jīng)松解減壓27例。骨折均用鋼板內(nèi)固定?!〗Y(jié)果 所有患者手術(shù)均順利,術(shù)后切口均I期愈合,無手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。54例均獲隨訪16~24個(gè)月,平均18個(gè)月。骨折于術(shù)后8~14個(gè)月達(dá)臨床愈合。末次隨訪時(shí)根據(jù)中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)手外科上肢周圍神經(jīng)功能評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),神經(jīng)吻合的27例中,獲優(yōu)14例,良8例,差5例;神經(jīng)松解減壓術(shù)治療的27例均獲優(yōu)??們?yōu)良率為91%。 結(jié)論 上臂橈神經(jīng)損傷宜早期手術(shù)修復(fù),神經(jīng)吻合的療效較神經(jīng)松解減壓術(shù)差?!続bstract】 Objective To explore the therapeutic effect on radial nerve injuries in plateau area, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with radial nerve injuries who were treated between June 2005 and June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 40 males and 14 females and aged 8-69 years (averaged 32.6 years old). Of these 54 patients, 5 were open injuries, 49 were closed injuries; 26 were on the left side, and 28 were on the right sides. Causes of injuries included: 5 direct cut injuries, 10 iatrogenic injuries (including traction injuries and crush injuries by steel plates), and 39 humeral shaft fracture and radial nerve injuries. Types of nerve injuries included: 12 complete radial neurotmesis, 15 partial radial neurotmesis, and 27 radial contusions (with contusion length ranged 1.5-4.5 cm). All patients had radial nerve injuries experienced significant motor dysfunctions. Among these patients, 27 underwent nerve anastomosis, the remaining 27 were treated by nerve decompression; all fractures were treated with internal fixation with steel plates. Results During the average follow-up of 18 months (16-24 months), all 54 patients completely recovered from radial nerve injuries without any complications. The time for fracture healing ranged 8-14 months. According to the evaluation standards for radial nerve functional recovery, developed by the Chinese Medical Association, among the 27 cases treated by nerve anastomosis, 14 were “optimal”, 8 were “fair”, and 5 were “bad”; and all 27 cases treated by nerve decompression were “optimal”. Conclusion It is suggested to have early surgical treatment for the upper arm radical nerve injuries. The nerve decompression had better curative effects than the nerve anastomosis does.
目的 根據(jù)肱骨的解剖特點(diǎn)及臨床應(yīng)用,改進(jìn)原有的肱骨逆行旋入式自鎖髓內(nèi)釘(逆行旋入釘),探討改進(jìn)型逆行旋入釘對(duì)肱骨骨折的臨床價(jià)值。 方法 2006 年3 月- 2010 年3 月,共收治146 例肱骨骨折患者。將患者隨機(jī)分為2 組,每組73 例,分別采用原型及改進(jìn)型逆行旋入釘治療。原型組:男40 例,女33 例;平均年齡41 歲;骨折類型為橫形41 例,斜形18 例,螺旋形8 例,粉碎形6 例;受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間3 h ~ 2 個(gè)月,中位時(shí)間11 d。手術(shù)以閉合方式固定27 例,切開復(fù)位固定46 例。改進(jìn)型組:男39 例,女34 例;平均年齡40 歲;骨折類型為橫形43 例,斜形16 例,螺旋形10 例,粉碎形4 例;受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間3 h ~ 3 個(gè)月,中位時(shí)間13 d。手術(shù)以閉合方式固定31 例,切開復(fù)位固定42 例。兩組患者性別、年齡、骨折類型、病程等一般資料比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P gt; 0.05),有可比性。術(shù)后比較兩組骨折愈合情況及患肢功能恢復(fù)情況。 結(jié)果 改進(jìn)型組手術(shù)時(shí)間和術(shù)中出血量均少于原型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P lt; 0.05)。原型組術(shù)中出現(xiàn)3 例醫(yī)源性肱骨髁上骨折;改進(jìn)型組無醫(yī)源性肱骨髁上骨折發(fā)生。兩組切口均Ⅰ期愈合,術(shù)后未發(fā)生感染、內(nèi)固定物松動(dòng)和斷裂等并發(fā)癥。兩組共116 例獲12 個(gè)月以上隨訪,每組58 例。骨折愈合時(shí)間:改進(jìn)型組新鮮骨折(15 ± 3)周,陳舊骨折和骨不連(30 ± 12)周;原型組新鮮骨折(16 ± 4)周,陳舊骨折(35 ± 14)周;兩組骨折愈合時(shí)間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P lt; 0.05)。術(shù)后3 個(gè)月患肢功能評(píng)價(jià):原型組Neer 肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分優(yōu)65 例、良8 例,Aitken 和Rorabeck 肘關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分優(yōu)61 例、良12 例,兩種評(píng)分優(yōu)良率均為100%;改進(jìn)型組Neer 肩關(guān)節(jié)評(píng)分優(yōu)67 例、良6 例,Aitken 和Rorabeck 肘關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分優(yōu)63 例、良10 例,兩種評(píng)分優(yōu)良率均為100%。 結(jié)論 改進(jìn)型逆行旋入釘手術(shù)操作簡(jiǎn)便、并發(fā)癥少,是一種有效可靠的內(nèi)固定器。
目的比較經(jīng)肱三頭肌兩側(cè)入路和鷹嘴 V 形截骨入路治療肱骨遠(yuǎn)端 C3 型骨折的療效并探討操作細(xì)節(jié)。方法回顧分析 2010 年 4 月—2016 年 9 月收治的符合選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 36 例 AO/OTA C3 型肱骨遠(yuǎn)端骨折患者臨床資料,均采用切開復(fù)位內(nèi)外側(cè)柱鎖定板垂直放置內(nèi)固定治療。17 例(A 組)采用肱三頭肌兩側(cè)入路,肱骨遠(yuǎn)端內(nèi)外側(cè)柱和關(guān)節(jié)面通過提拉牽引肱三頭肌和尺骨鷹嘴進(jìn)行顯露;19 例(B 組)采用尺骨鷹嘴 V 形截骨入路,肱骨遠(yuǎn)端內(nèi)外側(cè)柱和關(guān)節(jié)面通過鷹嘴截骨和肱三頭肌翻轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)行顯露。兩組患者性別、年齡、側(cè)別、受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間、致傷原因等一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后復(fù)查隨訪記錄患者患肘疼痛情況、力量、活動(dòng)度和穩(wěn)定性,根據(jù) Mayo 肘關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分(MEPS)評(píng)價(jià)肘關(guān)節(jié)總體功能。結(jié)果A 組手術(shù)時(shí)間短于 B 組手術(shù)時(shí)間,分別為(115.0±10.4)min、(121.0±12.3)min,比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=–1.580,P=0.123)。兩組患者均獲 1 年以上隨訪,A、B 組隨訪時(shí)間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=–0.843,P=0.405)。兩組各有 1 例術(shù)后發(fā)生異位骨化;A 組未發(fā)生切口感染,B 組 1 例出現(xiàn)切口淺表感染,靜脈應(yīng)用抗生素 2 周后治愈;兩組均無其他手術(shù)并發(fā)癥。術(shù)后 3 個(gè)月隨訪時(shí)所有患者肱骨遠(yuǎn)端均骨性愈合。末次隨訪時(shí) A、B 組肘關(guān)節(jié)屈伸活動(dòng)范圍分別為(102.0±12.6)、(99.5±10.1)°,比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=–0.681,P=0.501)。A、B 組 MEPS 評(píng)分分別為(82.9±7.3)分和(81.3±7.2)分,比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.670,P=0.507);兩組評(píng)分等級(jí)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=–0.442,P=0.659)。結(jié)論在 C3 型肱骨遠(yuǎn)端骨折手術(shù)治療中,通過肱三頭肌兩側(cè)入路提拉尺骨鷹嘴可以顯露肱骨遠(yuǎn)端內(nèi)外側(cè)柱和關(guān)節(jié)面,復(fù)位后行穩(wěn)固固定,可取得與鷹嘴 V 形截骨入路治療相當(dāng)?shù)寞熜А?/p>