【摘要】 目的 觀察在不同劑量乙醇作用下大鼠下丘腦和脊髓神經(jīng)細(xì)胞P物質(zhì)的表達(dá)情況和掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）下神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的形態(tài)學(xué)變化，探討乙醇作用下大鼠行為學(xué)改變的相關(guān)機(jī)制。 方法 通過福爾馬林實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察大鼠在不同劑量乙醇及時(shí)間作用下行為學(xué)的改變；采用免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)檢測不同劑量乙醇作用下大鼠脊髓和下丘腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中P物質(zhì)的表達(dá)，通過掃描電子顯微鏡觀察神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的形態(tài)學(xué)變化。 結(jié)果 乙醇灌胃后0～2 h大鼠舔足次數(shù)有不同程度的變化，組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（Plt;0.05），灌胃2 h大鼠下丘腦和脊髓P物質(zhì)表達(dá)程度與乙醇劑量有相關(guān)關(guān)系，掃描電子顯微鏡下各組大鼠的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)變化顯著。 結(jié)論 急性乙醇中毒可引起大鼠對疼痛反應(yīng)的變化，其程度與乙醇劑量和作用時(shí)間有關(guān)，大鼠下丘腦和脊髓神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中P物質(zhì)的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與乙醇劑量和作用時(shí)間有關(guān)。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the expression of substance P(SP)in the hypothalamus and spinal cord nerve cells of rats with different concentrations of ethanol, and to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells by scanning electron microscopic(SEM) for elucidating the mechanism of ethological changes effected with ethanol. Methods Ethological changes were detected through the formalin test; SP expressions in the hypothalamus and the spinal cord were evaluated with immunohistochemistry technology, and the morphological changes of nerve cells were observed by SEM. Results The frequency of licking foot changed when the rats were gavaged with different concentrations of ethanol among zero to two hours, the difference between two groups was statistical signifcant (Plt;0.05). The expression level of SP and the morphological changes of nerve cells in hypothalamus and spinal cord had relationship with the ethanol concentration. Conclusions Acute alcoholism could cause pain dysfunction in rats. The frequency of licking foot of rats is correlated to the role of the time closely. The expression intensity of SP in the hypothalamus and the spinal cord nerve cells are correlated to the concentration of ethanol closely.