在過去二十年間,麻醉技術(shù)和手術(shù)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使肺部惡性腫瘤患者的手術(shù)死亡率大大降低,但術(shù)后并發(fā)癥仍是主要問題。肺切除術(shù)后的常見并發(fā)癥是肺部并發(fā)癥[1],主要表現(xiàn)是低氧血癥,尤其在肺功能減退的肺切除患者中發(fā)病率更高[2]。目前國內(nèi)對(duì)低氧血癥的診斷缺乏統(tǒng)一的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一些作者采用Russell等[3]提出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),吸空氣氧的情況下,患者動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度(SpO2)≤92%,大于30 s就可診斷為術(shù)后低氧血癥。也有作者建議[4]將一次或以上血?dú)鈾z查PaO2 lt;8 kPa或PaO2/FiO2 lt;300 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)作為診斷低氧血癥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。30%~50%的術(shù)后患者可發(fā)生低氧血癥,一般認(rèn)為這樣的低氧血癥是一過性的,對(duì)大多數(shù)患者是無害的[5]。但如果合并心腦或其他器官動(dòng)脈硬化或其他原因的血管阻塞,這種低氧血癥就是很危險(xiǎn)的[6]。常見低氧血癥的原因是肺萎陷不張和誤吸、心源性肺水腫、靜脈輸入液體過量、通氣血流比例失調(diào)和急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ALI/ARDS)[7],其中ALI/ARDS是肺切除術(shù)后患者死亡的主要原因[8-10]。
引用本文: 張靜,席修明. 肺切除術(shù)后低氧血癥. 中國呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志, 2008, 08(1): 69-73. doi: 復(fù)制
版權(quán)信息: ?四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院華西期刊社《中國呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志》版權(quán)所有,未經(jīng)授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載、改編
1. | Stéphan F,Boucheseiche S,Hollande J,et al.Pulmonary complications following lung resection:a comprehensive analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,2000,118:1263-1270. |
2. | 馬剛,蘇全冠,王欣,等.肺功能中度減退的肺癌患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥分析.癌癥,2005,24:353-356. |
3. | Russell GB,Graybeal JM.Hypoxemic episodes of patients in a postanesthesia care unit.Chest,1993,104:899-903. |
4. | 劉穎珍,肖慶隆,徐波,等.胸部腫瘤病人圍手術(shù)期血?dú)獗O(jiān)測及臨床意義,中華胸心血管外科雜志,1994:10:220-222. |
5. | Hofer S,Plachky J,F(xiàn)antl R,et al.Postoperative pulmonary complications:Prophylaxis after noncardiac surgery.Anaesthesist,2006,55:473-484. |
6. | Hedenstierna G.Alveolar collapse and closure of airways:regular effects of anaesthesia.Clin Physiol Funct Imaging,2003,23:123-129. |
7. | Shoemaker WC,Ayers SM,Grenvik A.重癥監(jiān)護(hù)學(xué):第4版.北京:科學(xué)出版社,2001,1405-1408. |
8. | Myrdal G,Gustafsson G,Lambe M,et al.Outcome after lung cancer surgery.Factors predicting early mortality and major morbidity.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:694-699. |
9. | Ruffini E,Parola A,Papalia E,et al.Frequency and mortality of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:30-36. |
10. | Dulu A,Pastores SM,Park B,et al.Prevalence and mortality of acute lung injury and ARDS after lung resection.Chest,2006,130:73-78. |
11. | Iwamoto K,Ichiyama S,Shimokata K,Nakashima N,et al.Postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients:incidence and mortality in comparison with younger patients.Intern Med,1993,32:274-277. |
12. | Licker M,de Perrot M,Spiliopoulos A,et al.Risk factors for acute lung injury after thoracic surgery for lung cancer.Anesth Analg,2003,97:1558-1565. |
13. | Kutlu CA,Williams EA,Evans TW,et al.Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection.Ann Thorac Surg,2000,69:376-380. |
14. | Holtz B,Bake B,Sixt R.Prediction of postoperative hypoxemia in smokers and non-smokers.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1979,23:411-418. |
15. | Dales RE,Dionne G,Leech JA,et al.Preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications following thoracic surgery.Chest,1993,104:155-159. |
16. | Arozullah AM,Khuri SF,Henderson WG.Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery.Ann Intern Med,2001,135:847-857. |
17. | 顧月清,廖美琳,周允中,等.肺功能與肺癌全肺切除術(shù)后近期預(yù)后的關(guān)系.中華胸心血管外科雜志,1995,11:214-216. |
18. | 王均玲,吳大瑋,薛玉文.肺切除術(shù)前肺功能與術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的關(guān)系探討.山東醫(yī)藥,2005,45:10-11. |
19. | Filaire M,Bedu M,Naamee A,et al.Prediction of hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation after lung resection for cancer.Ann Thorac Surg,1999,67:1460-1465. |
20. | Parquin F,Marchal M,Mehiri S,et al.Post-pneumonectomy pulmonary edema:analysis and risk factors.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996:929-932. |
21. | Hayes JP,Williams EA,Goldstraw P,et al.Lung injury in patients following thoracotomy.Thorax,1995,50:990-991. |
22. | Zeldin RA,Normandin D,Landtwing D,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1984,87:359-365. |
23. | Lee E,Little AG,Hsu WH,et al.Effect of pneumonectomy on extravascular lung water in dogs.J Surg Res,1985,38:568-573. |
24. | Patel RL,Townsend ER,F(xiàn)ountain SW.Elective pneumonectomy:factors associated with morbidity and operative mortality.Ann Thorac Surg,1992,54:84-88. |
25. | Turnage WS,Lunn JJ.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of associated variables.Chest,1993,103:1646-1650. |
26. | Caras WE.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema:can it be predicted preoperatively?Chest,1998,114:928-931. |
27. | 周柏濤,邱樹彬,徐小華,等.不同鎮(zhèn)痛方法對(duì)老年病人開胸手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的影響.醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究,2005,22:889-891. |
28. | Williams EA,Quinlan GJ,Anning PB,et al.Lung injury following pulmonary resection in the isolated,blood-perfused rat lung.Eur Respir J,1999,14:745-750. |
29. | Kim EA,Lee KS,Shim YM,et al.Radiographic and CT findings in complications following pulmonary resection.Radiographics,2002,22:67-86. |
30. | Jordan S,Mitchell JA,Quinlan GJ,et al.The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection.Eur Respir J,2000,15:790-799. |
31. | Williams EA,Evans TW,Goldstraw P.Acute lung injury following lung resection:is one lung anaesthesia to blame?Thorax,1996,51:114-116. |
32. | Bauer P.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema revisited.Eur Respir J,2000,15:629-630. |
33. | Kalweit G,Huwer H,Volkmer I,et al.Pulmonary embolism:a frequent cause of acute fatality after lung resection.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996,10:242-246. |
34. | 應(yīng)雋,王祥瑞.低氧性肺血管收縮與肺微循環(huán).國外醫(yī)學(xué):麻醉學(xué)與復(fù)蘇分冊(cè),2003,24:291-293. |
35. | 王祥瑞,主編.圍手術(shù)期呼吸治療學(xué).北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,2002,248-258. |
36. | Kehlet H,Rosenberg J.Late post-operative hypoxaemia and organ dysfunction.Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl,1995,10:31-34. |
37. | van der Werff YD,van der Houwen HK,Heijmans PJ,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,1997,111:1278-1284. |
38. | Bigatello LM,Allain R,Gaissert HA.Acute lung injury after pulmonary resection.Minerva Anestesiol,2004,70:159-166. |
39. | Detterbeck FC.Efficacy of methods of intercostal nerve blockade for pain relief after thoracotomy.Ann Thorac Surg,2005,80:1550-1559. |
40. | Hartrick CT.Multimodal postoperative pain management.Am J Health Syst Pharm,2004,61:S4-10. |
41. | 杭燕南,張馬忠,徐萍,等.老年人圍手術(shù)期低氧血癥防治的研究.中華麻醉學(xué)雜志,1999,19:403-405. |
42. | 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)重癥醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì).急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征診斷和治療指南.中國危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2006,18:706-710. |
43. | López-Herce J,de Lucas N,Carrillo A,et al.Surfactant treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome.Arch Dis Child,1999,80:248-252. |
- 1. Stéphan F,Boucheseiche S,Hollande J,et al.Pulmonary complications following lung resection:a comprehensive analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,2000,118:1263-1270.
- 2. 馬剛,蘇全冠,王欣,等.肺功能中度減退的肺癌患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥分析.癌癥,2005,24:353-356.
- 3. Russell GB,Graybeal JM.Hypoxemic episodes of patients in a postanesthesia care unit.Chest,1993,104:899-903.
- 4. 劉穎珍,肖慶隆,徐波,等.胸部腫瘤病人圍手術(shù)期血?dú)獗O(jiān)測及臨床意義,中華胸心血管外科雜志,1994:10:220-222.
- 5. Hofer S,Plachky J,F(xiàn)antl R,et al.Postoperative pulmonary complications:Prophylaxis after noncardiac surgery.Anaesthesist,2006,55:473-484.
- 6. Hedenstierna G.Alveolar collapse and closure of airways:regular effects of anaesthesia.Clin Physiol Funct Imaging,2003,23:123-129.
- 7. Shoemaker WC,Ayers SM,Grenvik A.重癥監(jiān)護(hù)學(xué):第4版.北京:科學(xué)出版社,2001,1405-1408.
- 8. Myrdal G,Gustafsson G,Lambe M,et al.Outcome after lung cancer surgery.Factors predicting early mortality and major morbidity.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:694-699.
- 9. Ruffini E,Parola A,Papalia E,et al.Frequency and mortality of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:30-36.
- 10. Dulu A,Pastores SM,Park B,et al.Prevalence and mortality of acute lung injury and ARDS after lung resection.Chest,2006,130:73-78.
- 11. Iwamoto K,Ichiyama S,Shimokata K,Nakashima N,et al.Postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients:incidence and mortality in comparison with younger patients.Intern Med,1993,32:274-277.
- 12. Licker M,de Perrot M,Spiliopoulos A,et al.Risk factors for acute lung injury after thoracic surgery for lung cancer.Anesth Analg,2003,97:1558-1565.
- 13. Kutlu CA,Williams EA,Evans TW,et al.Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection.Ann Thorac Surg,2000,69:376-380.
- 14. Holtz B,Bake B,Sixt R.Prediction of postoperative hypoxemia in smokers and non-smokers.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1979,23:411-418.
- 15. Dales RE,Dionne G,Leech JA,et al.Preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications following thoracic surgery.Chest,1993,104:155-159.
- 16. Arozullah AM,Khuri SF,Henderson WG.Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery.Ann Intern Med,2001,135:847-857.
- 17. 顧月清,廖美琳,周允中,等.肺功能與肺癌全肺切除術(shù)后近期預(yù)后的關(guān)系.中華胸心血管外科雜志,1995,11:214-216.
- 18. 王均玲,吳大瑋,薛玉文.肺切除術(shù)前肺功能與術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的關(guān)系探討.山東醫(yī)藥,2005,45:10-11.
- 19. Filaire M,Bedu M,Naamee A,et al.Prediction of hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation after lung resection for cancer.Ann Thorac Surg,1999,67:1460-1465.
- 20. Parquin F,Marchal M,Mehiri S,et al.Post-pneumonectomy pulmonary edema:analysis and risk factors.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996:929-932.
- 21. Hayes JP,Williams EA,Goldstraw P,et al.Lung injury in patients following thoracotomy.Thorax,1995,50:990-991.
- 22. Zeldin RA,Normandin D,Landtwing D,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1984,87:359-365.
- 23. Lee E,Little AG,Hsu WH,et al.Effect of pneumonectomy on extravascular lung water in dogs.J Surg Res,1985,38:568-573.
- 24. Patel RL,Townsend ER,F(xiàn)ountain SW.Elective pneumonectomy:factors associated with morbidity and operative mortality.Ann Thorac Surg,1992,54:84-88.
- 25. Turnage WS,Lunn JJ.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of associated variables.Chest,1993,103:1646-1650.
- 26. Caras WE.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema:can it be predicted preoperatively?Chest,1998,114:928-931.
- 27. 周柏濤,邱樹彬,徐小華,等.不同鎮(zhèn)痛方法對(duì)老年病人開胸手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的影響.醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究,2005,22:889-891.
- 28. Williams EA,Quinlan GJ,Anning PB,et al.Lung injury following pulmonary resection in the isolated,blood-perfused rat lung.Eur Respir J,1999,14:745-750.
- 29. Kim EA,Lee KS,Shim YM,et al.Radiographic and CT findings in complications following pulmonary resection.Radiographics,2002,22:67-86.
- 30. Jordan S,Mitchell JA,Quinlan GJ,et al.The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection.Eur Respir J,2000,15:790-799.
- 31. Williams EA,Evans TW,Goldstraw P.Acute lung injury following lung resection:is one lung anaesthesia to blame?Thorax,1996,51:114-116.
- 32. Bauer P.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema revisited.Eur Respir J,2000,15:629-630.
- 33. Kalweit G,Huwer H,Volkmer I,et al.Pulmonary embolism:a frequent cause of acute fatality after lung resection.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996,10:242-246.
- 34. 應(yīng)雋,王祥瑞.低氧性肺血管收縮與肺微循環(huán).國外醫(yī)學(xué):麻醉學(xué)與復(fù)蘇分冊(cè),2003,24:291-293.
- 35. 王祥瑞,主編.圍手術(shù)期呼吸治療學(xué).北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,2002,248-258.
- 36. Kehlet H,Rosenberg J.Late post-operative hypoxaemia and organ dysfunction.Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl,1995,10:31-34.
- 37. van der Werff YD,van der Houwen HK,Heijmans PJ,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,1997,111:1278-1284.
- 38. Bigatello LM,Allain R,Gaissert HA.Acute lung injury after pulmonary resection.Minerva Anestesiol,2004,70:159-166.
- 39. Detterbeck FC.Efficacy of methods of intercostal nerve blockade for pain relief after thoracotomy.Ann Thorac Surg,2005,80:1550-1559.
- 40. Hartrick CT.Multimodal postoperative pain management.Am J Health Syst Pharm,2004,61:S4-10.
- 41. 杭燕南,張馬忠,徐萍,等.老年人圍手術(shù)期低氧血癥防治的研究.中華麻醉學(xué)雜志,1999,19:403-405.
- 42. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)重癥醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì).急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征診斷和治療指南.中國危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2006,18:706-710.
- 43. López-Herce J,de Lucas N,Carrillo A,et al.Surfactant treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome.Arch Dis Child,1999,80:248-252.